Hey guys, so here are the notes I've written for A2 Biology 2016 papers 4 and 5. There are parts where I've written in pencil so it's fairly hard to read, or other places where I've condensed the words too much with symbols, so it probably isn't easy for other people to understand. But if this poses useful to you any bit...

Download it HER...

 1 Gene technology involves altering the genes in an organism, which is then said to be genetically modifi ed. 2 The usual way of genetically modifying bacteria is to insert a plasmid containing the desired gene into them. 3 The steps involved in the production of bacteria capable of synthesising human insulin...

There are social implications related to using genetically modified organisms in food production.modified crop plants become agricultural weeds and invade crop habitatsintoduced gene(s) may be transferred by pollen:             - to wild relatives --> more invasive hybrid offspring ...

Genetic technology can provide benefits in, for example, agriculture and medicine, but has the associated risk of the escape of the gene concerned into organisms other than the intended host.Herbicide resistant cropsFields of crops are sprayed with herbicide to kill weeds that compete for space, light, water, and ions...