1 Meiosis consists of two divisions. The first division, meiosis I, separates the homologous chromosomes, so that each cell now has only one of each pair. The second division, meiosis II, separates the chromatids of each chromosome. Meiotic division therefore produces four cells, each with one complete set of chromosomes.2...

Some genes are transcribed all the time to produce constituitive proteins; others are only 'switched on' when their protein products are required.Transcription factors bind to the promoter region of a gene. This may increase or decrease the transcription of the gene. Their roles are to make sure that genes are expressed...

In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, transcription of a gene is controlled by transcription factors.Transcription factors are:proteins that bind to a specific DNA sequencecontrol the formation of mRNA --> control the flow of information from DNA to RNA Structural genes code for proteins required by a cell.Regulatory...

A mutation is an unpredictable change in the genetic material of an organism.Gene mutation: change in the structure of a DNA molecule, producing a different allele of a gene.Chromosome mutation: changes in the structure or number of whole chromosomes in a cell.Sources/ mutagens : increase chances of a mutation occuring- random-...

Patterns of inheritance are explained by using genetic diagrams. Genetic diagrams are the standard way of showing the genotypes of offspring that might be expected from 2 parents.In sexual reproduction, haploid gametes are made following meiosis. Each gamete contains 1 pair or chromosomes = one copy of each gene.Monohybrid...

Studies of human genetic conditions have revealed the links between genes, enzymes and the phenotypes.gene: length of DNA that codes for a particular protein/polypeptidelocus: position at which a particular gene is found on a particular chromosome; same gene on same locusallele: particular variety of a genedominant: the...

Meiosis involves two divisions, called meiosis I and meiosis II.Meiosis I:reduction division resulting in 2 daughter nuclei (haploid)  half the number of chromosomes of the parent nucleusMeiosis II:behaves like mitosisresults in total of 4 haploid nucleiMeiosis I1. Prophase Icentrosomes divide and move to opposite...

Diploid organisms contain pairs of homologous chromosomes.Homologous chromosomes:a pair of chromosomes in a diploid cellsame structure, genes, locipair together to form bivalent during the first division of meiosisHaploid: possesses 1 complete set of chromosomes: nDiploid: possesses 2 complete sets of chromosomes: 2nMeiosis:...

16.1 Passage of information from parent to offspring 16.2 The roles of genes in determining the phenotype16.3 Gene controlGenetic information is transmitted from generation to generation to maintain the continuity of life. In sexual reproduction, meiosis introduces genetic variation so that offspring resemble their...